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Prosthetic Neuronal Memory Silicon Chips
Prosthetic Neuronal Memory Silicon Chip is a device that imitates the brain’s process of creating long-term memories. This device was designed by Theodore Berger, a Biomedical Engineer and Neurologist at University of Southern California. Berger started to work on this chip in the early 1990s. He and his colleagues have been able to implant electrodes into rats and monkeys that restore their memories after previously being impaired. While researchers are well into developing an actual memory prosthesis in animals, they still need to show that their chips can form long-term memories in many different behavioral situations. Berger hopes to eventually use these chips as electronic implants for humans whose brains that suffer from diseases such as Alzheimer's that disrupt neuronal networks.
==Theodore Berger's Education, Impact as a Researcher, and Inspiration for the chip==
While Berger's aspirations of memory implant sounded unrealistic to his colleagues for a long time, Berger has continued to maintain a high level of determination, and has referred to many other successes in neuroprosthetics that once seemed unattainable. One of these is the use of cochlear implants, which currently help more than 200,000 deaf people hear by converting sound into electrical signals that are then sent to the auditory nerve for processing. In addition, past experiments have indicated that implanted electrodes can allow paralyzed people to control robotic arms using their thoughts. Researches have also had some success with artificial retinas for blind people.
Berger has spent 35 years of his life trying to develop a keen understanding of how neurons behave in the hippocampus.The hippocampus is a major component of the brain that belongs in the limbic system and consolidates information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Through his research, he has been able to develop mathematical theorems that show how electrical signals move through the neurons of the hippocampus to form a long-term memory. Berger has been contemplating the possibilities of copying some of the brains' functions, modeling the brain and putting it into a device, and getting devices to work in any brain.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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